Purple Yam Polyphenol Extracts Exert Anticolitis and Anticolitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Effects through Inactivation of NF-κB/p65 and STAT3 Signaling Pathways (2025)

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“…Histopathological analyses revealed that VA preserved colonic epithelial integrity and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell depletion, which are crucial for maintaining intestinal barrier function. This finding aligns with studies suggesting phenolic compounds, including VA, enhance epithelial barrier function and mitigate inflammatory damage [29,30]. Moreover, our study shows that VA treatment upregulates TJ proteins such as occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-5, further supporting its role in strengthening the intestinal barrier, as reported in similar studies involving other polyphenols [31,32].…”

confidence: 92%

et al. 2025

This study investigated the protective effects of the dietary polyphenol vanillic acid (VA) on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced acute ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice, focusing on its impact on the gut microbiota and inflammatory responses. VA was supplemented following dextran sulfate sodium administration, and key indicators, including body weight, disease activity index, colon length, spleen index, and inflammatory markers, were assessed. VA supplementation significantly alleviated UC symptoms, preserved intestinal barrier integrity, and reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, VA positively altered the gut microbiota composition, promoting beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila while suppressing the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Fecal microbiota transplantation confirmed that the VA‐modified gut microbiota contributed to these protective effects. VA also facilitated macrophage polarization from the pro‐inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype, further mitigating inflammation. These findings highlight the potential of VA as a natural dietary intervention for UC, emphasizing its role in regulating the gut microbiota and inflammatory pathways, which may have significant nutritional relevance in managing inflammatory bowel diseases.

Ulcerative colitis is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease that is easy to recur and difficult to cure, and no special drug with low side effects has been found to...

Integrating network pharmacological analysis and bioinformatic techniques, this study systematically investigated the molecular mechanisms of six medicinal food homologous plants (Astragalus membranaceus, Ganoderma lucidum, Dioscorea opposite, Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Pueraria lobata) against colorectal cancer. Through screening the TCMSP database, 303 active compounds and 453 drug targets were identified. By integrating differential expression gene analysis with WGCNA on the GSE41258 dataset from the GEO database, 49 potential therapeutic targets were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses demonstrated that these targets are primarily involved in drug response, fatty acid metabolism, and key cancer-related pathways. Cross-validation using three machine learning algorithms—LASSO regression, SVM-RFE, and Random Forest—pinpointed four critical target genes: CA1, CCND1, CXCL2, and EIF6. Further, CIBERSORT immune infiltration analysis revealed strong associations between these core genes and the tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer patients, notably in modulating M0 macrophage infiltration and mast cell activity. Molecular docking analyses confirmed robust binding interactions between active compounds and core target proteins. This study systematically elucidated the molecular mechanisms of six medicinal food homologous plants against colorectal cancer, providing scientific evidence for their rational clinical application.